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''Jharokha Darshan'' was a daily practice of addressing the public audience (''darshan'') at the balcony (''jharokha'') at the forts and palaces of medieval kings in India. It was an essential and direct way of communicating face-to-face with the public, and was a practice which was adopted by the Mughal emperors. The balcony appearance in the name of ''Jharokha Darshan'' also spelled ''jharokha-i darshan'' was adopted by the 16th-century Mughal Emperor Akbar, even though it was contrary to Islamic injunctions. Earlier, Akbar's father Emperor Humayun had also adopted this Hindu practice of appearing before his subjects at the ''jharokha'' to hear their public grievances. ''Darshan'' is a Sanskrit word which means "sight" and "beholding" (also means: "the viewing of an idol or a saint") which was adopted by Mughals for their daily appearance before their subjects. This also showed a Hindu influence, It was first practiced by Humayun before Akbar adopted it as a practice at sunrise. ''Jharokha'' is an easterly facing "ornate bay-window", canopied, throne-balcony, the "balcony for viewing" (an oriel window projecting out of the wall) provided in every palace or fort where the kings or emperors resided during their reign. Its architecture served not only the basic need for lighting and ventilation but also attained a divine concept during the reign of Mughals. The ''jharokha'' appearances by the Mughals have been depicted by many paintings.〔 Giving ''Jharokha Darshan'' from this ''jharokha'' was a daily feature. This tradition was also continued by rulers who followed Akbar (r. 1556–1605 CE). Jahangir (r. 1605–27 CE) and Shah Jahan (r. 1628–58 CE) also appeared before their subjects punctiliously. However, this ancient practice was discontinued by Aurangzeb during his 11th year of reign as he considered it a non-Islamic practice, a form of idol worship. In Agra Fort and Red Fort, the ''jharokha'' faces the Yamuna and the emperor would stand alone on the ''jharokha'' to greet his subjects. Mughal emperors during their visits outside their capital used to give ''Jharokha Darshan'' from their portable wooden house known as ''Do-Ashiayana Manzil.'' During the Delhi Durbar held in Delhi on 12 December 1911, King George V and his consort, Queen Mary, made a grand appearance at the ''jharokha'' of the Red Fort to give a "darshan" to 500,000 common people. ==Practices by various rulers== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jharokha Darshan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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